Contact lenses offer a convenient alternative to glasses, enhancing both vision and lifestyle for millions worldwide. However, like any medical device, they come with responsibilities and risks that users must be aware of to prevent serious complications. One such risk involves exposure to water, which can lead to a rare but severe eye infection known as acanthamoeba keratitis (AK).

What is Acanthamoeba Keratitis?

Acanthamoeba keratitis is an eye infection caused by a microscopic amoeba found in environments such as freshwater, saltwater, soil, and in man-made water systems like swimming pools and hot tubs. The infection occurs when the amoeba enters the eye through a scratch or abrasion on the cornea, often facilitated by the presence of contact lenses.

How Does Water Exposure Increase Risk?

When contact lenses are worn during activities such as swimming, showering, or using a hot tub, they can trap water between the lens and the cornea. This moist environment is ideal for the amoeba to thrive and potentially penetrate the corneal surface. Even a minor corneal abrasion can provide a gateway for infection, leading to symptoms that may include severe eye pain, redness, blurred vision, and in extreme cases, vision loss.

Understanding the Symptoms and Diagnosis

The early symptoms of acanthamoeba keratitis can be mistaken for other eye conditions, leading to misdiagnosis. Common symptoms include:

• Redness and irritation

• Sensitivity to light

• Blurred vision

• The sensation of a foreign object in the eye

Because these symptoms overlap with other eye conditions, accurate and timely diagnosis is critical. Specialists typically use a combination of eye exams and laboratory tests to confirm the presence of the amoeba.

Treatment and Prevention Strategies

Treatment for acanthamoeba keratitis can be lengthy and complex, often involving antimicrobial eye drops to eliminate the infection. In severe cases, surgical intervention such as a corneal transplant may be necessary. However, even with treatment, some patients may experience significant and permanent vision loss.

Preventing AK largely revolves around proper contact lens hygiene and understanding when to avoid contact lens use. Here are some essential preventive measures:

• Avoid Water Exposure: Do not wear contact lenses while swimming, using a hot tub, or showering. If exposure to water is unavoidable, consider using swimming goggles.

• Proper Lens Hygiene: Follow recommended guidelines for lens cleaning and storage. Always wash hands thoroughly before handling lenses.

• Regular Eye Check-Ups: Keep up with regular eye doctor appointments to ensure any issues are detected early.

• Use Daily Disposable Lenses: If feasible, using daily disposables can reduce the risk of contamination.

Raising Awareness and Education

The case of individuals who have suffered from this condition underscores the importance of raising awareness about the risks associated with contact lens use around water. Education on proper lens care can prevent irreversible damage and preserve vision.

Contact lens users should be vigilant and proactive in understanding the risks associated with their use. While contact lenses are a safe and effective option for many, being informed and cautious can help prevent rare but serious complications such as acanthamoeba keratitis. Prioritizing eye health and seeking immediate medical attention for any concerning symptoms is vital for maintaining the clarity and comfort that these lenses are designed to provide.